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Titanium carbide, Ti C, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9–9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride ( face-centered cubic ) crystal structure .
The +4 oxidation state dominates titanium chemistry, [1] but compounds in the +3 oxidation state are also numerous. [2] Commonly, titanium adopts an octahedral coordination geometry in its complexes, [3] [4] but tetrahedral TiCl 4 is a notable exception. Because of its high oxidation state, titanium(IV) compounds exhibit a high degree of ...
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Titanium tetrachloride (titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4 [51]) is a colorless volatile liquid (commercial samples are yellowish) that, in air, hydrolyzes with spectacular emission of white clouds. Via the Kroll process , TiCl 4 is used in the conversion of titanium ores to titanium metal.
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and lanthanoid metals form acetylides, for example, sodium carbide Na 2 C 2, calcium carbide CaC 2, and LaC 2. [2] Lanthanides also form carbides (sesquicarbides, see below) with formula M 2 C 3. Metals from group 11 also tend to form acetylides, such as copper(I) acetylide and silver acetylide.
The first cemented carbide developed was tungsten carbide (introduced in 1927) which uses tungsten carbide particles held together by a cobalt metal binder. Since then, other cemented carbides have been developed, such as titanium carbide, which is better suited for cutting steel, and tantalum carbide, which is tougher than tungsten carbide. [1]
In a closed vessel, the metal reacts with iodine at temperatures above 500 °C forming metal(IV) iodide; at a tungsten filament of nearly 2000 °C the reverse reaction happens and the iodine and metal are set free. The metal forms a solid coating on the tungsten filament and the iodine can react with additional metal resulting in a steady turnover.
Titanium silicon carbide, chemical formula Ti 3 SiC 2, is a material with both metallic and ceramic properties. [1] [2] It is one of the MAX phases. See also.