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  2. Historian's fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian's_fallacy

    In the field of military history, historians sometimes use what is known as the "fog of war technique" in hopes of avoiding the historian's fallacy. In this approach, the actions and decisions of the historical subject (such as a military commander) are evaluated primarily on the basis of what that person knew at the time, and not on future ...

  3. Manfred Max-Neef's Fundamental human needs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Max-Neef's...

    Human Scale Development is basically community development and is "focused and based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, on the generation of growing levels of self-reliance, and on the construction of organic articulations of people with nature and technology, of global processes with local activity, of the personal with the social, of planning with autonomy and of civil society ...

  4. Historian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian

    History is always written with contemporary concerns and ancient historians wrote their histories in response to the needs of their times. [3] Out of thousands of Greek and Roman historians, only the tiniest fraction's works survive and it is out of this small pool that ancient historians and ancient historiography are analyzed today. [ 3 ]

  5. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  6. Historicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism

    To understand why a person is the way he is, you must examine that person in his society: and to understand that society, you must understand its history, and the forces that influenced it. The Zeitgeist , the "Spirit of the Age", is the concrete embodiment of the most important factors that are acting in human history at any given time.

  7. Historism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historism

    Nietzsche contends that the historians of his times, the historists, damaged the powers of human life by relegating it to the past instead of opening it to the future. For this reason, he calls for a return, beyond historism, to humanism. [17] Karl Popper was one of the most distinguished critics of historicism.

  8. Historicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity

    Historicity is the historical actuality of persons and events, meaning the quality of being part of history instead of being a historical myth, legend, or fiction.The historicity of a claim about the past is its factual status. [1]

  9. Marx's theory of human nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx's_theory_of_human_nature

    "The first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals. Thus the first fact to be established is the physical organisation of these individuals and their consequent relation to the rest of nature." [5] Thus: History does nothing, it "possesses no immense wealth", it "wages no battles".