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In 1802, Napoleon dispatched a Polish legion of around 5,200 men to join the French forces in Saint-Domingue to suppress the Haitian slave rebellion.The Poles may have been hoping to receive French support in restoring Poland's independence from its occupiers—Prussia (later Germany), Russia, and Austria—which divided the country in the late 18th century. [4]
First head of state of Haiti Jean-Jacques Dessalines called the Poles the white Negroes of Europe, [1] [2] in an expression of respect and empathy for the situation of the Poles. The 1805 Haitian constitution granted the Poles Haitian citizenship. [3] A Polish community lives in Haiti to this day with their main center in Casale.
List based on the compilation of Polish Genealogical Society of America . Jan Pachonski, Reuel K. Wilson. Poland's Caribbean Tragedy: A Study of Polish Legions in the Haitian War of Independence 1802–1803. East European Monographs, 1986. ISBN 978-0-88033-093-0. Leonard Chodźko, Histoire Des Légions Polonaises en Italie, Paris, 1929 ...
The Saint-Domingue expedition was a large French military invasion sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to regain French control of the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, and curtail the measures of independence and abolition of slaves taken by the former slave Toussaint Louverture.
In 1794 Jabłonowski fought in Tadeusz Kościuszko's uprising against Tsarist Russia. [2] He participated in battles of Szczekociny, Warsaw, Maciejowice, and at Praga.A member of the Polish insurrectionist group Centralizacja Lwowska, he was sent to the Ottoman Empire to gain the support of the Ottoman and French governments for the creation a Polish army to antagonize Russia. [6]
[6] [7] Notably, he excluded surviving Polish Legionnaires, who had defected from the French legion to become allied with the enslaved Africans, as well as the Germans who did not take part in the slave trade. [8] He granted them full citizenship under the constitution and classified them as black, along with all other Haitian citizens. [8]
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The Polish Legions (Polish: Legiony Polskie) was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) [1] established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Republic and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers on the other side ...