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The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.
The Ottoman Empire was an absolute monarchy during much of its existence. By the second half of the fifteenth century, the sultan sat at the apex of a hierarchical system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety of titles.
The Ottoman dynasty was expelled from Turkey in 1924 and most members took on the surname Osmanoğlu, meaning "son of Osman." [ 45 ] The female members of the dynasty were allowed to return after 1951, [ 45 ] and the male members after 1973. [ 46 ]
In 2022, nearly 100 000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021. [109] As of August 2023, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3 307 882 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 205 894 ...
The Ottoman Empire [l] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [m] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
The Turkish national movement, led by Mustafa Kemal, established the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara on 23 April 1920. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey waged the Turkish War of Independence. The war was against the monarchist Istanbul government. [3] Sultan Mehmed VI was the Caliph.
The First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Turkish: مشروطيت; Turkish: Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî, قانون اساسى, meaning 'Basic Law' or 'Fundamental Law' in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans, that began on 23 December ...
The Ottoman Empire was administratively governed under constitutional monarchy from 1876 to 1878 and again from 1908 to 1918. [ 3 ] Following the conclusion of World War I , which resulted in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the national struggle initiated under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha explicitly declared, from its early years ...