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  2. Air pollution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

    Based on the 2021 WHO air quality standards, 99% of the world population is exposed to harmful air pollution. [9] The risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can be measured for a person, a group, such as a neighborhood or a country's children, or an ...

  3. Ringelmann scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringelmann_scale

    Ringelmann smoke charts, 1897. The Ringelmann scale is a scale for measuring the apparent density or opacity of smoke. [1] [2] It was developed by a French professor of agricultural engineering Maximilien Ringelmann of La Station d'Essais de Machines in Paris, who first specified the scale in 1888.

  4. List of atmospheric dispersion models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atmospheric...

    SAFE AIR II (Italy) – The simulation of air pollution from emissions II (SAFE AIR II) was developed at the Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Italy to simulate the dispersion of air pollutants above complex terrain at local and regional scales. It can handle point, line, area and volume sources and continuous plumes as well as puffs.

  5. Atmospheric dispersion modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_dispersion...

    A great many computer programs for calculating the dispersion of air pollutant emissions were developed during that period of time and they were called "air dispersion models". The basis for most of those models was the Complete Equation For Gaussian Dispersion Modeling Of Continuous, Buoyant Air Pollution Plumes shown below: [4] [5]

  6. Air pollution measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution_measurement

    Air pollution measurement is the process of collecting and measuring the components of air pollution, notably gases and particulates. The earliest devices used to measure pollution include rain gauges (in studies of acid rain ), Ringelmann charts for measuring smoke , and simple soot and dust collectors known as deposit gauges . [ 1 ]

  7. Air pollution in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution_in_the...

    Looking down from the Hollywood Hills, with Griffith Observatory on the hill in the foreground, air pollution is visible in downtown Los Angeles on a late afternoon.. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage ecosystems.

  8. Outline of air pollution dispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_air_pollution...

    There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.

  9. Air quality index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_index

    It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on how to improve air quality by proposing a behavioral change to reduce the environmental footprint.