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The Japanese syllabary kana ん, typically romanized as n and occasionally m, can manifest as one of several different nasal consonants depending on what consonant follows it; this allophone, colloquially written in IPA as /N/, is known as the moraic nasal, per the language's moraic structure.
The pronunciation with /n/ rather than /ŋ/ is a long-established one. Old English verbs had a present participle in -ende and a verbal noun ( gerund ) form in -ing(e) . These merged into a single form, written -ing , but not necessarily spoken as such – the /n/ pronunciation may be inherited from the former distinct present participle form.
The voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound which has been observed to occur in about 96% of spoken languages. [1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is m , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m.
The most universal consonants around the world (that is, the ones appearing in nearly all languages) are the three voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/, and the two nasals /m/, /n/. However, even these common five are not completely universal. Several languages in the vicinity of the Sahara Desert, including Arabic, lack /p/.
Similarly, a denti-alveolar allophone occurs in languages that have denti-alveolar stops, as in Spanish cinta. Some languages contrast laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar nasals. For example, in the Malayalam pronunciation of Nārāyanan , the first n is dental, the second is retroflex, and the third alveolar.
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Nonetheless, [ɱ] is extremely common around the world phonetically, as it is the universal allophone of /m/ and a very common allophone of /n/ before the labiodental fricatives [f] and [v], as for example in English comfort and circumvent, and, for many people, infinitive and invent. In the Angami language, [ɱ] occurs as an allophone of /m ...
There is a non-IPA letter, U+0235 ȵ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL; ȵ ( n , plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ɕ, ʑ ), which is used especially in Sinological circles. The alveolo-palatal nasal is commonly described as palatal; it is often unclear whether a language has a true palatal or not.