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Aortic valve stenosis is a crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur. It is best heard at the right upper sternal border (aortic area). It sometimes radiates to the carotid arteries. In mild aortic stenosis, the crescendo-decrescendo is early peaking. Whereas in severe aortic stenosis, the crescendo is late-peaking.
The resultant configuration of this murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo murmur. Causes of midsystolic ejection murmurs include outflow obstruction, increased flow through normal semilunar valves, dilation of aortic root or pulmonary trunk, or structural changes in the semilunar valves without obstruction.
The murmur is louder during expiration but is also easily heard during inspiration. The more severe the degree of the stenosis, the later the peak occurs in the crescendo-decrescendo of the murmur. [33] The second heart sound (A 2) tends to become decreased and softer as the aortic stenosis becomes more severe. [24]
The murmur heard in HCM (or HOCM, if obstructive) is a systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur. The intensity of this murmur can vary based on the degree of obstruction. This murmur can also change in intensity based on different maneuvers that can be accomplished with the body.
Since the blood has to flow through a narrow opening, there’s turbulence which creates noise or a murmur, which gets initially gets louder as more blood flows past the opening and then quieter as the amount of blood flowing subsides because less remains in the ventricle. This is called a crescendo-decrescendo murmur.
The radiation is typically toward the apex. The configuration is usually decrescendo and has a blowing character. The presence of this murmur is a good positive predictor for AR and the absence of this murmur strongly suggests the absence of AR. An Austin Flint murmur is usually associated with significant aortic regurgitation. Early diastolic
The murmur is heard best with the bell of the stethoscope [16] lying on the left side [15] and its duration increases with worsening disease. [16] Advanced disease may present with signs of right-sided heart failure such as parasternal heave, jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, ascites and/or pulmonary hypertension (presenting with a loud ...
The Graham Steell murmur of pulmonary regurgitation, a high-pitched, diastolic, decrescendo blowing murmur along the left sternal border, results from dilation of the pulmonary valve ring and occurs in patients with mitral valve disease and severe pulmonary hypertension.