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  2. Ionosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere

    Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The ionosphere (/ aɪ ˈ ɒ n ə ˌ s f ɪər /) [1] [2] is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, [3] a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar ...

  3. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    The various layers of Earth's ionosphere, important to HF radio propagation, begin below 100 km and extend beyond 500 km. By comparison, the International Space Station and Space Shuttle typically orbit at 350–400 km, within the F-layer of the ionosphere, where they encounter enough atmospheric drag to require reboosts every few months ...

  4. Ionospheric storm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionospheric_storm

    The F-region storms occur due to sudden increases of energised electrons instilled into Earth's ionosphere. The F-region is the highest region of the ionosphere. Consisting of the F1 and F2 layers, its distance above the Earth's surface is approximately 200–500 km. [ 7 ] The duration of these storms are around a day and reoccur every ...

  5. High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_Active...

    Balloons cannot reach it because the air is too thin, but satellites cannot orbit there because the air is too thick. Hence, most experiments on the ionosphere give only small pieces of information. HAARP approaches the study of the ionosphere by following in the footsteps of an ionospheric heater called EISCAT near Tromsø, Norway. There ...

  6. Earth's magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field

    This region begins at a height of 60 km, extends up to 3 or 4 Earth radii, and includes the ionosphere. This region rotates with the Earth. [28] There are also two concentric tire-shaped regions, called the Van Allen radiation belts, with high-energy ions (energies from 0.1 to 10 MeV). The inner belt is 1–2 Earth radii out while the outer ...

  7. Whoopsie, SpaceX Blew Up Two Rockets and Punched a ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/whoopsie-spacex-blew-two-rockets...

    SpaceX’s rocket explosion in November 2023 created a massive hole in the Earth's ionosphere, providing scientists with a rare opportunity to study its effects.

  8. Dark Matter May Not Be Invisible After All. This Discovery ...

    www.aol.com/dark-matter-may-not-invisible...

    The ionosphere is an ideal place to look for the telltale signs of this particular form of dark matter, the scientists explain, because we already spend a lot of time and resources doing studies ...

  9. Atmospheric electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_electricity

    The electrosphere layer (from tens of kilometers above the surface of the Earth to the ionosphere) has a high electrical conductivity and is essentially at a constant electric potential. The ionosphere is the inner edge of the magnetosphere and is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation.