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In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...
In mathematics, a ternary equivalence relation is a kind of ternary relation analogous to a binary equivalence relation. A ternary equivalence relation is symmetric, reflexive, and transitive, where those terms are meant in the sense defined below. The classic example is the relation of collinearity among three points in Euclidean space.
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
In mathematics, the transitive closure R + of a homogeneous binary relation R on a set X is the smallest relation on X that contains R and is transitive.For finite sets, "smallest" can be taken in its usual sense, of having the fewest related pairs; for infinite sets R + is the unique minimal transitive superset of R.
In mathematics, the symmetric closure of a binary relation on a set is the smallest symmetric relation on that contains .. For example, if is a set of airports and means "there is a direct flight from airport to airport ", then the symmetric closure of is the relation "there is a direct flight either from to or from to ".
Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that can be considered "discrete" (in a way analogous to discrete variables, having a bijection with the set of natural numbers) rather than "continuous" (analogously to continuous functions).
However, this notion of "total relation" must be distinguished from the property of being serial, which is also called total. Similarly, connected relations are sometimes called complete, [7] although this, too, can lead to confusion: The universal relation is also called complete, [8] and "complete" has several other meanings in order theory.
Ternary relations may also be referred to as 3-adic, 3-ary, 3-dimensional, or 3-place. Just as a binary relation is formally defined as a set of pairs, i.e. a subset of the Cartesian product A × B of some sets A and B, so a ternary relation is a set of triples, forming a subset of the Cartesian product A × B × C of three sets A, B and C.