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The structure of a nitrile: the functional group is highlighted blue. In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH 3 CH 2 C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). [1]
Nitrile rubber, also known as nitrile butadiene rubber, NBR, Buna-N, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber derived from acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene. [1] Trade names include Perbunan, Nipol, Krynac and Europrene. This rubber is unusual in being resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals.
Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CN and structure H 3 C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Propionitrile, also known as ethyl cyanide and propanenitrile, is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CH 2 CN. It is a simple aliphatic nitrile. The compound is a colourless, water-soluble liquid. It is used as a solvent and a precursor to other organic compounds. [7]
Typical nitrile ligands are acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile.The structures of [Ru(NH 3) 5 (NCPh)] n+ have been determined for the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. Upon oxidation the Ru-NH 3 distances contract and the Ru-NCPh distances elongate, consistent with amines serving as pure-sigma donor ligands and nitriles functioning as pi-acceptors.
Malononitrile is an organic compound nitrile with the formula CH 2 (CN) 2. It is a colorless or white solid, although aged samples appear yellow or even brown. It is a widely used building block in organic synthesis.
In IUPAC nomenclature, organic compounds that have a −C≡N functional group are called nitriles. [12] [13] An example of a nitrile is acetonitrile, CH 3 −C≡N. Nitriles usually do not release cyanide ions. A functional group with a hydroxyl −OH and cyanide −CN bonded to the same carbon atom is called cyanohydrin (R 2 C(OH)CN).
Pivalonitrile is a nitrile with the semi-structural formula (CH 3) 3 CCN, abbreviated t-BuCN.This aliphatic organic compound is a clear, colourless liquid that is used as a solvent and as a labile ligand in coordination chemistry.