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Theobromine poisoning, also informally called chocolate poisoning or cocoa poisoning, is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine, found in chocolate, tea, cola beverages, [1] and some other foods.
Dogs and other animals that metabolize theobromine (found in chocolate) more slowly [36] can succumb to theobromine poisoning from as little as 50 g (1.8 oz) of milk chocolate for a smaller dog and 400 g (14 oz), or around nine 44-gram (1.55 oz) small milk chocolate bars, for an average-sized dog. The concentration of theobromine in dark ...
Some dark chocolate may contain two substances that are even more toxic to dogs — theobromine and caffeine," the vet explains. "Bakers' chocolate can be very toxic because it has the highest ...
Chocolate is known to be very toxic for birds and can cause convulsions, heart arrhythmia, vomiting, and even death. "Birds lack the enzymes required to digest theobromine, which is found in cocoa ...
It is toxic to cats and dogs, PetMD reports. The two compounds found in chocolate − theobromine and caffeine − make it deadly to cats, affecting their gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and ...
Chocolate may be a factor for heartburn in some people because one of its constituents, theobromine, may affect the esophageal sphincter muscle in a way that permits stomach acids to enter the esophagus. [101] Theobromine poisoning is an overdosage reaction to the bitter alkaloid, which happens more frequently in domestic animals than humans ...
Paraxanthine, also known as 1,7-dimethylxanthine, is a metabolite of theophylline and theobromine, two well-known stimulants found in coffee, tea, and chocolate mainly in the form of caffeine. It is a member of the xanthine family of alkaloids , which includes theophylline, theobromine and caffeine .
"The outcome of chocolate toxicity depends on the amount and type ingested, ... The most dangerous ingredients in chocolate are caffeine and theobromine, which affect the nervous system and heart ...