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The Circle of Courage provides the philosophical foundation for the work of Reclaiming Youth International (RYI), a 501(c)(3) non-profit company dedicated to helping adults better serve children and youth who are in emotional pain from conflict in the family, school, community, peer groups or with self.
Success of peer relationships is linked to later psychological development and to academic achievement. Therefore, if one does not have successful peer relationships it may lead to developmental delays and poor academic achievement—perhaps even in-completion of a high school degree.
This relationships is better predicted by self-esteem than the actual quality of the relationships, although also directly related to discordance in personal and peer ratings of status. [ 8 ] [ 21 ] This effect likely arises cyclically: troubled children are rejected by their peers for their undesirable behavior, while rejected children receive ...
This means that PYD seeks to involve youth in multiple kinds of prosocial relationships to promote the young person's wellness, safety, and healthy maturation. [4] Such engagement may be sought "within their communities, schools, organizations, peer groups, and families". [4] As a result, PYD seeks to build "community capacity".
Peer mentoring in education was promoted during the 1960s by educator and theorist Paulo Freire: "The fundamental task of the mentor is a liberatory task. It is not to encourage the mentor's goals and aspirations and dreams to be reproduced in the mentees, the students, but to give rise to the possibility that the students become the owners of their own history.
Teachers reviewed the top candidates, and selected the tutors based on social skills, language skills, school attendance and classroom behavior. The student or students chosen as peers must be properly coached before the peer relationship begins, both to understand the importance of the intervention and the methods which should be used.
Across the high school years, crowd significance as a basis for affiliation wanes, [19] as does the influence of crowds on an individual's behavior. [1] In fact, some studies [20] indicate that the importance of crowds peaks at age 12 or 13. By the end of high school, adolescents often feel constrained by impersonal, crowd-derived identities. [21]
[44] [45] As children go through adolescence, peer influence becomes much more important. Adolescents make appraisals of themselves based on their relationships with close friends. [46] Successful relationships among friends are very important to the development of high self-esteem for children.