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Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
Countries are sorted by GDP (PPP) forecast estimates from financial and statistical institutions that calculate using market or government official exchange rates. The data given on this page are based on the international dollar , a standardized unit used by economists.
The buying rate is the rate at which money dealers will buy foreign currency, and the selling rate is the rate at which they will sell that currency. The quoted rates will incorporate an allowance for a dealer's margin (or profit) in trading, or else the margin may be recovered in the form of a commission or in some other way.
Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the Reserve Bank of India trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a de facto controlled exchange rate.
INR value against USD The rupee was never equal to the dollar . At the time of independence (in 1947), India's currency was pegged to pound sterling , and the exchange rate was a shilling and six pence for a rupee — which worked out to ₹13.33 to the pound. [ 23 ]
The US dollar's position in global reserves is often questioned because of the growing share of unallocated reserves, and because of the doubt regarding dollar stability in the long term. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] However, in the aftermath of the 2008 to 2010 financial crisis, the dollar's share in the world's foreign-exchange trades rose slightly from 85% ...
In the year 2021–22, the total capacity of these plants stood at 154.06 million tonnes. [ 235 ] The total market value of the Indian steel sector stood at US$57.8 billion in 2011 and is predicted to touch US$95.3 billion by 2016.Growth of crude steel production in India has not kept pace with the growth in capacity of production, according to ...
In June 2021, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$600 billion mark for the first time. [17] [18] India's total forex reserves touched an all-time high of US$642.453 billion on 8 September 2021. [19] The reserves declined to $598.89 billion by 8 September 2023 [20] & rose to hit a fresh all time high of $642.63 in March 2024. [21]