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(This problem is also listed as one of the Millennium Prize Problems in mathematics.) [12] Quantum field theory (this is a generalization of the previous problem): Is it possible to construct, in a mathematically rigorous way, a quantum field theory in 4-dimensional spacetime that includes interactions and does not resort to perturbative methods?
Other names for kissing number that have been used are Newton number (after the originator of the problem), and contact number. In general, the kissing number problem seeks the maximum possible kissing number for n-dimensional spheres in (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space. Ordinary spheres correspond to two-dimensional closed surfaces in three ...
This is a list of equations, by Wikipedia page under appropriate bands of their field. ... List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; See also
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
A triangular-pyramid version of the cannonball problem, which is to yield a perfect square from the N th Tetrahedral number, would have N = 48. That means that the (24 × 2 = ) 48th tetrahedral number equals to (70 2 × 2 2 = 140 2 = ) 19600. This is comparable with the 24th square pyramid having a total of 70 2 cannonballs. [5]
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
When the golden ratio is used as the base of a numeral system (see golden ratio base, sometimes dubbed phinary or -nary), quadratic integers in the ring [] – that is, numbers of the form + for and in – have terminating representations, but rational fractions have non-terminating representations.
In statistical physics, the kinetic theory of gases applies Newton's laws of motion to large numbers (typically on the order of the Avogadro number) of particles. Kinetic theory can explain, for example, the pressure that a gas exerts upon the container holding it as the aggregate of many impacts of atoms, each imparting a tiny amount of momentum.