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  2. Proton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

    For example, the atomic number of chlorine is 17; this means that each chlorine atom has 17 protons and that all atoms with 17 protons are chlorine atoms. The chemical properties of each atom are determined by the number of (negatively charged) electrons, which for neutral atoms is equal to the number of (positive) protons so that the total ...

  3. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    The number of protons in an atom (which Rutherford called the "atomic number" [27] [28]) was found to be equal to the element's ordinal number on the periodic table and therefore provided a simple and clear-cut way of distinguishing the elements from each other. The atomic weight of each element is higher than its proton number, so Rutherford ...

  4. Subatomic particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle

    The negatively charged electron has a mass of about ⁠ 1 / 1836 ⁠ of that of a hydrogen atom. The remainder of the hydrogen atom's mass comes from the positively charged proton. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus. Neutrons are neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of the proton.

  5. Atomic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number

    In an ordinary uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons. For an ordinary atom which contains protons, neutrons and electrons, the sum of the atomic number Z and the neutron number N gives the atom's atomic mass number A. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons ...

  6. Extended periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_periodic_table

    The line of synthesized proton-rich nuclei is expected to be broken soon after Z = 120, because of half-lives shorter than 1 microsecond from Z = 121, the increasing contribution of spontaneous fission instead of alpha decay from Z = 122 onward until it dominates from Z = 125, and the proton drip line around Z = 130.

  7. Surprise! Protons Contain a Subatomic Particle That’s ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/surprise-protons-contain-subatomic...

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  8. Prout's hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout's_hypothesis

    According to the whole number rule proposed by Francis Aston, the mass of an isotope is roughly, but not exactly, its mass number A (Z + N) times an atomic mass unit (u), plus or minus binding energy discrepancy – atomic mass unit being the modern approximation for "mass of a proton, neutron, or hydrogen atom".

  9. Quark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

    It had a mass much larger than expected, [47] almost as large as that of a gold atom. ... are no bigger than 10 −4 times the size of a proton, i.e. less than 10 − ...