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The replacement of one or more atoms by their isotopes can create multiple structural isomers and/or stereoisomers from a single isomer. For example, replacing two atoms of common hydrogen by deuterium (, or ) on an ethane molecule yields two distinct structural isomers, depending on whether the substitutions are both on the same carbon (1,1 ...
In one isomer the CO ligands are terminal. When a pair of CO are bridging, cis and trans isomers are possible depending on the location of the C 5 H 5 groups. [7] Another example in organometallic chemistry is the linkage isomerization of decaphenylferrocene, [(η 5-C 5 Ph 5) 2 Fe]. [8] [9] Formation of decaphenylferrocene from its linkage isomer
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature [1]) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct [clarification needed] bonds between them. [2] [3] The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept. [4]
Another example of this is the relationship between oleic acid and elaidic acid; oleic acid, the cis isomer, has a melting point of 13.4 °C, making it a liquid at room temperature, while the trans isomer, elaidic acid, has the much higher melting point of 43 °C, due to the straighter trans isomer being able to pack more tightly, and is solid ...
These include meso compounds, cis–trans isomers, E-Z isomers, and non-enantiomeric optical isomers. Diastereomers seldom have the same physical properties. In the example shown below, the meso form of tartaric acid forms a diastereomeric pair with both levo- and dextro-tartaric acids, which form an enantiomeric pair.
The isomers which have been cited as examples of metamers in chemical literature consist primarily of ethers; [3] but this could by the same reasoning be extended to thioethers, secondary as well as tertiary amines, esters, secondary as well as tertiary amides, (mixed) acid anhydrides etc. Metamers in organic chemistry
For example, butane has three conformers relating to its two methyl (CH 3) groups: two gauche conformers, which have the methyls ±60° apart and are enantiomeric, and an anti conformer, where the four carbon centres are coplanar and the substituents are 180° apart (refer to free energy diagram of butane).
For example, in living organisms, the open-chain isomer of glucose usually exists only transiently, in small amounts; D-glucose is the usual isomer; and L-glucose is rare. Straight-chain molecules are often not literally straight, in the sense that their bond angles are often not 180°, but the name reflects that they are schematically straight.