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Gudea (Sumerian: 𒅗𒌤𒀀, Gu 3-de 2-a; died c. 2124 BC) was a Sumerian ruler of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled c. 2080 –2060 BC (short chronology) or 2144–2124 BC (middle chronology).
Approximately twenty-seven statues of Gudea have been found in southern Mesopotamia. Gudea was a ruler of the state of Lagash between c. 2144 BC and 2124 BC, and the statues demonstrate a very sophisticated level of craftsmanship for that time. The known statues have been named by archaeologists as "A" to "Z" and "AA".
The Gudea cylinders are a pair of terracotta cylinders dating to c. 2125 BC, on which is written in cuneiform a Sumerian myth called the Building of Ningirsu's temple. [1] The cylinders were made by Gudea , the ruler of Lagash , and were found in 1877 during excavations at Telloh (ancient Girsu ), Iraq and are now displayed in the Louvre in ...
Lagash [4] / ˈ l eɪ ɡ æ ʃ / (cuneiform: 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 LAGAŠ KI; Sumerian: Lagaš) was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq.
Ur-Ningirsu (Sumerian: 𒌨𒀭𒎏𒄈𒋢, Ur-D-nin-gir-su; died c. 2119 BC) [1] also Ur-Ningirsu II in contrast with the earlier Ur-Ningirsu I, was a Sumerian ruler of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2120 BC. He was the son of the previous ruler of Lagash named Gudea. [2] [3]
At the time of Gudea, during the Second Dynasty of Lagash, Girsu became the capital of the Lagash kingdom and continued to be its religious center after political power had shifted to the city of Lagash. [4] During the Ur III period, Girsu was a major administrative center for the empire.
The "libation vase of Gudea" with the dragon Mušḫuššu, dedicated to Ningishzida, circa 2100 BCE (short chronology). The caduceus-like symbol (right) is interpreted as a representation of the god himself. Inscription: "To the god Ningiszida, his god, Gudea, Ensi (governor) of Lagash, for the prolongation of his life, has dedicated this"
During Gudea's reign, Lagash's dominion over Nippur, Adab, Uruk and Badtibira is recorded. Despite the fact that during his reign, Lagash made a conquering expedition over Elam , it is considered that Gudea was a relatively peaceful king, more interested in trade than in conquest.