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In England the bottled counterpart of basic bitter; in Scotland, "Light" is the lowest gravity draught beer (normally dark in colour). [4] Session or ordinary bitter Strength up to 4.1% abv. This is the most common strength of bitter sold in British pubs. It accounted for 16.9% of pub sales in 2003. [5] Best or special bitter
Bitter is the broad term applied to a well-hopped pale ale, from about 3.5% to 7% in strength and pale gold to dark mahogany in colour. English brewers have several loose names for variations in beer strength, such as best bitter, special bitter, extra special bitter, and premium bitter.
Some dark milds are created by the addition of caramel to a pale beer. Until the 1960s mild was the most popular beer style in England. [5] Pockets of demand remain, particularly in the West Midlands and North West England, but it has been largely ousted by bitter and lager elsewhere. [6] In 2002, only 1.3% of beer sold in pubs was Mild. [7]
Bitter (beer), a British term for pale ale; Bitters, an herbal preparation with bitter flavour now used mostly in cocktails; A category of plants with bitter flavour ...
The bitterness of beer is provided by compounds such as humulones, or alpha acids from hops used during brewing. During the brewing process, humulone undergoes isomerization to form both cis- and trans- isohumulone which are responsible for the bitter taste of the beer. [13]
The original gravity of a beer was the basis for determining taxation in both the UK and Ireland from 1880 until the late 20th century, and a legacy of that system remains in the largely arbitrary division of bitter into "bitter", "best bitter", and "special bitter" substyles.
The categories are varied and include processes or ingredients not usually regarded as defining beer styles in themselves, such as cask ale or gluten-free beer. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Beer terms such as ale or lager cover a wide variety of beer styles, and are better thought of as broad categories of beer styles.
Old English: Beore 'beer'. In early forms of English and in the Scandinavian languages, the usual word for beer was the word whose Modern English form is ale. [1] The modern word beer comes into present-day English from Old English bēor, itself from Common Germanic, it is found throughout the West Germanic and North Germanic dialects (modern Dutch and German bier, Old Norse bjórr).