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A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of Native American ancestry of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community. [1]
Alaska Native dancers at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Art Museum, 2006 Caddo members of the Caddo Cultural Club, Binger, Oklahoma, 2008. Native American identity in the United States is a community identity, determined by the tribal nation the individual or group belongs to.
In 2002, the number of definitions increased when tribal enrollment statutes were included. [19] The United States Census allows citizens to check any ethnicity without requirements of validation. The census allows individuals to self-identify as Indian, merely by checking the racial category, "Native American/Alaska Native". [20]
While DNA tests have become popular, there is no DNA test that can reliably confirm Native American ancestry, and no DNA test can indicate tribal origin. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Attempts by non-Natives to racialize Indigenous identity by DNA tests are seen as insensitive at best, often racist, politically and financially-motivated, and dangerous ...
Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. University of Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 48. Sheffield, Gail (1998). Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2969-7.
The clip initially resurfaced in 2016 when Trump began referring to Senator Elizabeth Warren as “Pocahontas” after she revealed she has Native American ancestry.
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Especially numerous was the self-identification of Cherokee ethnic origin, [124] a phenomenon dubbed the "Cherokee Syndrome", where some Americans believe they have a "long-lost Cherokee ancestor" without being able to identify any Cherokee or Native American people in their family tree or among their living relatives.