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Vanilla planifolia grows as an evergreen vine, either on the ground or on trees. [7] It will sometimes grow as an epiphyte without rooting in the soil. When rooted in the soil its terrestrial roots are branched and develop fine root hairs associated with mycorrhizal fungus. [8]
The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia), native to Mexico and Belize, [3] from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor . [ 4 ]
Drawing of the Vanilla plant from the Florentine Codex (c. 1580) and description of its use and properties written in the Nahuatl language. Vanilla planifolia traditionally grew wild around the Gulf of Mexico from Tampico around to the northeast tip of South America, and from Colima to Ecuador on the Pacific side, as well as throughout the Caribbean.
At the age of 12, he invented a technique for pollinating vanilla orchids quickly and profitably. Albius's technique revolutionized the cultivation of vanilla and made it possible to profitably grow Vanilla planifolia away from its native habitat (Mexico to Brazil [3]).
This is a list of accepted species of Vanilla (vanilla orchids), according to the most recent taxonomic research. [1] However, molecular phylogeny is still needed to support these findings as some morphological variations might be influenced by the local environment.
The majority of the world's vanilla is the V. planifolia variety, more commonly known as "Madagascar-Bourbon" vanilla, which is produced in a small region of Madagascar and in Indonesia. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Vanilla is the second most expensive spice after saffron , [ citation needed ] due to the extensive labor required to grow the vanilla seed pods.
Vanilla polylepis is a climbing orchid species in the plant family Orchidaceae. [1] It is native to tropical Africa, with a range spanning the width of the continent, from Kenya to Angola. [ 1 ] It grows in high-altitude evergreen and swamp forests between 1,200–1,500 m (3,900–4,900 ft) and is often found growing on trees bordering rivers ...
Vanilla × tahitensis is a vine that grows on trees for support. It has zig-zag stems, narrow elliptic leaves and yellowish-green flowers, which are followed by bunches of bean-like pods. As compared to the more widely grown Vanilla planifolia, the pods are shorter and broader, and its taste and fragrance are also distinctive. [3]
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