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Modern Germany was formed when the Kingdom of Prussia unified most of the German states, with the exception of multi-ethnic Austria (which was ruled by the German-speaking royal family of Habsburg and had significant German-speaking land), into the German Empire. [1] After the First World War, on 10 January 1920, Germany lost about 13% of its ...
Poet Wilhelm Busch died. 1911: 1 July: Agadir Crisis: The German gunboat SMS Panther arrived at the Moroccan port of Agadir. 1913: 6 November: Saverne Affair: Two local Saverne papers reported on offensive comments made by a local Prussian military officer. 1914: Albert Einstein moved to Berlin. 28 July: World War I: Austria-Hungary declared ...
Germany led the Central Powers in World War I, but was defeated, partly occupied, forced to pay war reparations, and stripped of its colonies and significant territory along its borders. The German Revolution of 1918–1919 ended the German Empire with the abdication of Wilhelm II in 1918 and established the Weimar Republic , an ultimately ...
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking territories of the empire became allied in the German Confederation (1815–1866), a league of states with some federalistic elements. After the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called the North German Confederation (1867
After Germany fell behind on its payments in 1922, the occupation was expanded to include the industrial Ruhr valley from 1923 to 1925. In the early years of the occupation, a number of separatist movements – some supported by the French – attempted to create an independent Rhineland allied to France, but none of them had significant ...
In Germany Napoleon set up the "Confederation of the Rhine", comprising most of the German states except Prussia and Austria. [20] Prussia tried to remain neutral while imposing tight controls on dissent, but with German nationalism sharply on the rise, the small nation blundered by going to war with Napoleon in 1806.
After the devastating defeat of Napoleon's Grande Armée in the Russian campaign of 1812, Johann Yorck – the general in command of the Grande Armée's German auxiliaries (Hilfskorps) – declared a ceasefire with the Russians on 30 December 1812 via the Convention of Tauroggen. This was the decisive factor in the outbreak of the German ...
In 1708 about one third of the population of East Prussia died during the Great Northern War plague outbreak. [14] The bubonic plague reached Prenzlau in August 1710 but receded before it could reach the capital Berlin, which was only 80 km (50 mi) away. The Great Northern War was the first major conflict in which the Kingdom of Prussia was ...