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kikA Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [1]During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was an important contributor to the global cultural scene, innovating and supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
Only some of the Arabian slaves in Europe were Muslims by origin. [20] Many of the Muslim slaves were baptized before they were sold for the first time and then were given a new Christian name. There were, however, some Muslims who were not baptized and who kept their original names, but if they had children the newborns were immediately baptized.
The Muslim Discovery of Europe is a non-fiction book by Bernard Lewis, published by W.W. Norton & Co. in 1982. The scope of the work goes from Early Muslim conquests in the continent up to the latter part of the 1700s..
Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many advanced economic concepts, techniques and usages. These ranged from areas of production, investment, finance, economic development, taxation, property use such as Hawala: an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts, known as waqf, systems of contract relied upon by merchants, a widely circulated common currency ...
The Barbary pirates, Barbary corsairs, Ottoman corsairs, [1] or naval mujahideen (in Muslim sources) [2] were mainly Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from the largely independent Barbary states. This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers. [3]
The crusader states were economic centres obstructing Muslim trade by sea with the west Europe, [clarification needed] and by land with Mesopotamia, Syria and the urban economies of the Nile. Commerce continued with the coastal cities providing maritime outlets for the Islamic hinterland, and unprecedented volumes of eastern wares were exported ...
Economic history of the Arab world addresses the history of economic activity in the Arabic-speaking countries and the stretching of Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast from the time of its origins in the Arabian peninsula and spread in the 7th century CE Muslim ...
As of 2016, there were 1.7 billion Muslims, [10] [11] with one out of four people in the world being Muslim, [12] making Islam the second-largest religion. [13] Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were born to Muslims, [14] and currently Islam is the world's fastest-growing major religion. [15] [16] [17]