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At pH below 2, the majority of the chlorine in the solution is in the form of dissolved elemental Cl 2. At pH greater than 7.4, the majority is in the form of hypochlorite ClO −. [10] The equilibrium can be shifted by adding acids (such as hydrochloric acid) or bases (such as sodium hydroxide) to the solution:
Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine"). [1] The Cl-O distance in ClO − is 1.69 Å. [2] The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule.
Acidosis, defined by blood pH below 7.35, is the most common disorder of acid–base homeostasis and occurs when there is an excess of acid in the body. In contrast, alkalosis is characterized by excessively high blood pH. Blood pH is usually slightly basic, with a pH of 7.365, referred to as physiological pH in biology and medicine.
Homeostatic control can change the P CO 2 and hence the pH of the arterial plasma within a few seconds. [5] The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood is monitored by the central chemoreceptors of the medulla oblongata. [5] [20] These chemoreceptors are sensitive to the levels of carbon dioxide and pH in the cerebrospinal ...
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to ... The highest level cited for a concentration of carbon ...
The rate of cellular metabolic activity affects and, at the same time, is affected by the pH of the body fluids. In mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood lies between 7.35 and 7.50 depending on the species (e.g., healthy human-arterial blood pH varies between 7.35 and 7.45). [citation needed]
Blood pH is regulated to stay within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly basic (compensation). [17] [18] Extra-cellular fluid in blood that has a pH below 7.35 is too acidic, whereas blood pH above 7.45 is too basic. [16] A pH below 6.9 or above 7.8 is usually lethal. [16]
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