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The Code sets out regulations for shipping in the polar regions, principally relating to ice navigation and ship design. The international framework aims to protect the two polar regions — the Arctic (north pole region) and Antarctic (south pole region), from maritime risks. [2] The Code entered into force on 1 January 2017. [2] [3] [4]
Ice navigation occurs wherever a waterborne vessel transits through sea ice.One of the more common regions for ice navigation is the Baltic Sea, where vessels visiting the Baltic States will make their way through first year ice in the winter months, often with an icebreaker, or with ice reports, charts and data provided by meteorological offices.
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One of the varieties of ice navigation vessels are double-acting ships. To move through the ice, they use the combined effect of the ice-breaking shape of the ship's stern and the effect of the propellers on the ice. [14] These vessels may have the usual bulbous bow and may be capable of moving in ice only astern. Since ice sailing astern also ...
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The 2012-built South African polar research vessel S. A. Agulhas II is one of the few vessels rated PC 5 or higher.. Polar Class (PC) refers to the ice class assigned to a ship by a classification society based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).
In modern times, computer software can greatly simplify the passage planning process and ensure that nothing important is overlooked. [8] Passage planning software may include functions such as waypoint management, distance calculators, tide and tidal current predictors, celestial navigational calculators, consumables estimators for fuel, oil, water, and stores, and other useful applications.
[6] [20] [28] This will allow the PSCs to break ice with a thickness between 6 and 8 feet (1.8 and 2.4 m). [4] Designed according to the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships , the PSCs will be strengthened to Polar Class 2 which is intended for vessels operating year-round in ...