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Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
segmental bronchus (diameter 4.5 to 13 mm) [9] subsegmental bronchus (diameter 1 to 6 mm) [9] conducting bronchiole. terminal bronchiole. respiratory bronchiole. alveolar duct. alveolar sac. alveolus; At each division point or generation, one airway branches into two smaller airways.
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
Further divisions of the segmental bronchi (1 to 6 mm in diameter) [7] are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. [8] [9] Compared to the 23 number (on average) of branchings of the respiratory tree in the adult human, the mouse has only about 13 such branchings.
CT pulmonary angiogram showing segmental and subsegmental pulmonary emboli on both sides. Further information: Pulmonary embolism CTPA was introduced in the 1990s as an alternative to ventilation/perfusion scanning (V/Q scan), which relies on radionuclide imaging of the blood vessels of the lung.
A pulmonary consolidation is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air. [1] The condition is marked by induration [2] (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung.
Improvement slows thereafter and some deficits may be permanent. There is controversy over whether small subsegmental PEs need treatment at all [102] and some evidence exists that patients with subsegmental PEs may do well without treatment. [64] [103] Once anticoagulation is stopped, the risk of a fatal pulmonary embolism is 0.5% per year. [104]
A bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels. [1] [2] These arteries branch from the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, and run together through the center of the segment. Veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment.