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  2. Polynomial root-finding algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_root-finding...

    For finding all the roots, arguably the most reliable method is the Francis QR algorithm computing the eigenvalues of the companion matrix corresponding to the polynomial, implemented as the standard method [1] in MATLAB. The oldest method of finding all roots is to start by finding a single root. When a root r has been found, it can be removed ...

  3. Jenkins–Traub algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins–Traub_algorithm

    The Jenkins–Traub algorithm calculates all of the roots of a polynomial with complex coefficients. The algorithm starts by checking the polynomial for the occurrence of very large or very small roots. If necessary, the coefficients are rescaled by a rescaling of the variable. In the algorithm, proper roots are found one by one and generally ...

  4. Root-finding algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root-finding_algorithm

    Root-finding algorithm. In numerical analysis, a root-finding algorithm is an algorithm for finding zeros, also called "roots", of continuous functions. A zero of a function f is a number x such that f(x) = 0. As, generally, the zeros of a function cannot be computed exactly nor expressed in closed form, root-finding algorithms provide ...

  5. Horner's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horner's_method

    This polynomial is further reduced to = + + which is shown in blue and yields a zero of −5. The final root of the original polynomial may be found by either using the final zero as an initial guess for Newton's method, or by reducing () and solving the linear equation. As can be seen, the expected roots of −8, −5, −3, 2, 3, and 7 were ...

  6. Vieta's formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieta's_formulas

    Vieta's formulas relate the polynomial coefficients to signed sums of products of the roots r1, r2, ..., rn as follows: Vieta's formulas can equivalently be written as for k = 1, 2, ..., n (the indices ik are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of k roots is used exactly once). The left-hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the ...

  7. Rational root theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_root_theorem

    Solutions of the equation are also called roots or zeros of the polynomial on the left side. The theorem states that each rational solution x = p ⁄ q, written in lowest terms so that p and q are relatively prime, satisfies: p is an integer factor of the constant term a 0, and; q is an integer factor of the leading coefficient a n.

  8. Ridders' method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridders'_method

    Ridders' method. In numerical analysis, Ridders' method is a root-finding algorithm based on the false position method and the use of an exponential function to successively approximate a root of a continuous function . The method is due to C. Ridders. [1][2]

  9. Gröbner basis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gröbner_basis

    Gröbner basis. In mathematics, and more specifically in computer algebra, computational algebraic geometry, and computational commutative algebra, a Gröbner basis is a particular kind of generating set of an ideal in a polynomial ring K[x1, ..., xn] over a field K. A Gröbner basis allows many important properties of the ideal and the ...