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Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
A graph is commonly used to give an intuitive picture of a function. As an example of how a graph helps to understand a function, it is easy to see from its graph whether a function is increasing or decreasing. Some functions may also be represented by bar charts.
Equivalently, a function is convex if its epigraph (the set of points on or above the graph of the function) is a convex set. In simple terms, a convex function graph is shaped like a cup ∪ {\displaystyle \cup } (or a straight line like a linear function), while a concave function 's graph is shaped like a cap ∩ {\displaystyle \cap } .
The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2x). A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times. In analytic geometry , an asymptote ( / ˈ æ s ɪ m p t oʊ t / ) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one ...
In mathematics, the closed graph theorem may refer to one of several basic results characterizing continuous functions in terms of their graphs. Each gives conditions when functions with closed graphs are necessarily continuous. A T. Tao ’s blog post [1] lists several closed graph theorems throughout mathematics.
Quadratic function. hide. In mathematics, a quadratic function of a single variable is a function of the form [ 1 ] where is its variable, and , , and are coefficients. The expression , especially when treated as an object in itself rather than as a function, is a quadratic polynomial, a polynomial of degree ...
For the Facebook API, see Open Graph Protocol. In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and topology, closed graph is a property of functions. [ 1 ][ 2 ] A function f: X → Y between topological spaces has a closed graph if its graph is a closed subset of the product space X ×Y. A related property is open graph.
A graph with six vertices and seven edges. In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices ...