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A function that is not monotonic. In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Consistent heuristic. In the study of path-finding problems in artificial intelligence, a heuristic function is said to be consistent, or monotone, if its estimate is always less than or equal to the estimated distance from any neighbouring vertex to the goal, plus the cost of reaching that neighbour. Formally, for every node N and each ...
Gradients of convex functions are cyclically monotone. In fact, the converse is true. [ 4 ] Suppose U {\displaystyle U} is convex and f : U ⇉ R n {\displaystyle f:U\rightrightarrows \mathbb {R} ^{n}} is a correspondence with nonempty values.
In the mathematical field of real analysis, the monotone convergence theorem is any of a number of related theorems proving the good convergence behaviour of monotonic sequences, i.e. sequences that are non- increasing, or non- decreasing. In its simplest form, it says that a non-decreasing bounded -above sequence of real numbers converges to ...
In the case of finitely many jump discontinuities, f is a step function. The examples above are generalised step functions; they are very special cases of what are called jump functions or saltus-functions. [8] [9] More generally, the analysis of monotone functions has been studied by many mathematicians, starting from Abel, Jordan and Darboux.
A function : defined on an interval is said to be operator monotone if whenever and are Hermitian matrices (of any size/dimensions) whose eigenvalues all belong to the domain of and whose difference is a positive semi-definite matrix, then necessarily () where () and () are the values of the matrix function induced by (which are matrices of the same size as and ).
Bounded variation. In mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as BV function, is a real -valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense. For a continuous function of a single variable, being of bounded variation means that the ...
If a sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence. This is a special case of the more general notion of a monotonic function. The terms nondecreasing and nonincreasing are often used in place of increasing and decreasing in order to avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing ...