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Volta potential. The Volta potential (also called Volta potential difference, contact potential difference, outer potential difference, Δψ, or "delta psi") in electrochemistry, is the electrostatic potential difference between two metals (or one metal and one electrolyte) that are in contact and are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Specifically ...
correlation. so that. where E is the expected value operator. Notably, correlation is dimensionless while covariance is in units obtained by multiplying the units of the two variables. If Y always takes on the same values as X, we have the covariance of a variable with itself (i.e. ), which is called the variance and is more commonly denoted as ...
Current source density analysis [ 2] (which could more accurately be called current source and sink density analysis) is the practice of placing a microelectrode in proximity to a nerve or a nerve cell to detect current sourcing from, or sinking into, their plasma membranes. When positive charges, for example, flow quickly across a plasma ...
The mass excess of a nuclide is the difference between its actual mass and its mass number in daltons.It is one of the predominant methods for tabulating nuclear mass. The mass of an atomic nucleus is well approximated (less than 0.1% difference for most nuclides) by its mass number, which indicates that most of the mass of a nucleus arises from mass of its constituent protons and neutrons.
Martingale difference sequence. In probability theory, a martingale difference sequence ( MDS) is related to the concept of the martingale. A stochastic series X is an MDS if its expectation with respect to the past is zero. Formally, consider an adapted sequence on a probability space . is an MDS if it satisfies the following two conditions ...
The thermal wind is the change in the amplitude or sign of the geostrophic wind due to a horizontal temperature gradient. The geostrophic wind is an idealized wind that results from a balance of forces along a horizontal dimension. Whenever the Earth's rotation plays a dominant role in fluid dynamics, as in the mid-latitudes, a balance between ...
The log-spectral distance (LSD), also referred to as log-spectral distortion or root mean square log-spectral distance, is a distance measure between two spectra. [ 1] The log-spectral distance between spectra and is defined as p-norm : where and are power spectra. Unlike the Itakura–Saito distance, the log-spectral distance is symmetric. [ 2]
Second, the difference in consistency between batter and dough can require different mixing techniques. For batter, the easiest way to combine is by hand in a large bowl with a whisk or a spoon.