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The Hindu Marriage Act (HMA) is an act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1955. Three other important acts were also enacted as part of the Hindu Code Bills during this time: the Hindu Succession Act (1956), the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956), the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956).
By Section 7 of Hindu Marriage Act, and tradition, no Hindu marriage is binding and complete before the seventh step of the saptapadi ritual, in presence of fire, by the bride and the groom together. [14] In some cases, such as South Indian Hindu marriages, this is not required as the saptapadi is not performed.
In India, when a Hindu and a non-Hindu marry under the Hindu Marriage Act and for the Hindu marriage to be valid, both partners must be Hindu amongst other conditions that also need to be fulfilled, and the non-Hindu partner must convert to Hinduism.
The Hindu code bills were several laws passed in the 1950s that aimed to codify and reform Hindu personal law in India, abolishing religious law in favor of a common law code. The Indian National Congress government led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru successfully implemented the reforms in 1950s.
Special Marriage Act: 1954: 43 Essential Commodities Act: 1955: 10 Protection of Civil Rights Act: 1955: 22 State Bank of India Act: 1955: 23 Hindu Marriage Act: 1955: 25 Prisoners (Attendance in Courts) Act: 1955: 32 Durgah Khawaja Saheb Act: 1955: 36 Prize Competitions Act: 1955: 42
In the past, the age of marriage was young, often childhood or early teenage. [14] The average age of marriage for women in India has been increased to 21 years, according to the 2011 Census of India. [15] In 2009, about 7% of women got married before the age of 18. [16] Arranged marriages have long been the norm in Indian society.
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