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Although a country's balance of payments will bring its current account and capital account into balance, there will be imbalances between countries' accounts. According to the World Bank data, the current account deficit in the United States is $498 billion in 2019 (The World Bank) Suppose a country's balance of payments deficits are persistent.
World map by current account balance (% of GDP), 2023, according to World Bank [1]. This is the list of countries by current account balance, expressed in current U.S. dollars and as percentage of GDP, based on the data published by World Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
The United States, for example, gleans a substantially larger rate of return from foreign capital than foreigners do from owning United States capital. In the traditional accounting of balance of payments, the current account equals the change in net foreign assets. A current account deficit implies a reduction of net foreign assets:
Quartile representation of current account balance as percent GDP by IMF WEO data Quartile representation of current account balance as percent GDP by CIA World factbook data. This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by current account balance as a percentage of gross domestic product (nominal GDP).
Furthermore, the US had to run a balance of payments current account surplus to maintain confidence in the US dollar. As a result, the United States was faced with a dilemma because it is not possible to run a balance of payments current account deficit and surplus at the same time.
Traditional balance-of-payments accounting is that the change in the net foreign asset position equals the current account balance. In other words, if a country runs a $700 billion current account deficit, it has to borrow exactly $700 billion from abroad to finance the deficit and therefore, the country's net foreign asset position falls by $700 billion.
United States balance of trade (from 1960), with negative numbers denoting a trade deficit; The national debt was up to $80,885 per person as of 2020. [153] The national debt equated to $59,143 per person U.S. population, or $159,759 per member of the U.S. working taxpayers, back in March 2016. [154]
In theory, when the current account is in balance, it has a zero value: inflows and outflows of capital will be cancelled by each other. Hence, if the current account is persistently showing deficits for certain period, it is said to show an inequilibrium. Since, by definition, all current accounts and net foreign assets of the countries in the ...