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A phenotypic trait, [1] [2] simply trait, or character state [3] [4] is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two. [5] For example, having eye color is a character of an organism, while blue, brown and hazel ...
More recently, large-scale phenotypic screens have also been used in animals, e.g. to study lesser understood phenotypes such as behavior. In one screen, the role of mutations in mice were studied in areas such as learning and memory , circadian rhythmicity , vision, responses to stress and response to psychostimulants .
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment. [1] [2] Fundamental to the way in which organisms cope with environmental variation, phenotypic plasticity encompasses all types of environmentally induced changes (e.g. morphological, physiological, behavioural, phenological) that may or may not be ...
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
The trait's frequency expands in the population, creating a population on which selection can act. Pre-existing (background) genetic variation in other genes results in phenotypic differences in expression of the new trait. These phenotypic differences undergo selection; as genotypic differences narrow, the trait becomes:
Reduction in size is regarded as a domestication syndrome trait - grey wolf skull compared with a chihuahua skull. Domestication syndrome refers to two sets of phenotypic traits that are common to either domesticated plants [1] [2] or domesticated animals. [3]
Traits used to define the animal domestication syndrome [32]. Domestication syndrome is a term often used to describe the suite of phenotypic traits arising during domestication that distinguish crops from their wild ancestors.
Similar genotypic changes may result in similar phenotypic alterations, even across a wide range of species. [1] The genotype–phenotype distinction is drawn in genetics. The "genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information. The "phenotype" is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior.