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The oil extraction rate from a bunch varies from 17 to 27% for palm oil, and from 4 to 10% for palm kernels. [18] Along with coconut oil, palm oil is one of the few highly saturated vegetable fats and is semisolid at room temperature. [19] Palm oil is a common cooking ingredient in the tropical belt of Africa, Southeast Asia and parts of Brazil.
Bumitama Agri Ltd is the Singapore holding company of subsidiary Bumitama Gunajaya Agro. Bumitama is an Indonesian oil palm plantation company which cultivates oil palm trees and produces crude palm oil (CPO). It was established in 1996 by the Harita Group with its first acquisition of land in Central Kalimantan.
Golden-Agri Resources (GAR) is a Singaporean palm oil company, listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange since 1999. [1] In May 2015, its market capitalization was $4.1 billion. [2] Franky Widjaja, of the Sinar Mas family is its CEO. Alnoor is a subsidiary of GAR.
Wilmar was founded by Kuok Khoon Hong and Martua Sitorus on 1 April, 1991 [15] and commenced operations as a palm oil trading company.. Forbes named Kuok the twelfth richest person in Singapore in 2021 [16] and Martua is the twelfth richest person in Indonesia.
Based in Singapore, [6] ICOF builds "sustainable palm oil solutions" for their clients. [7] In 2003, Musim Mas commenced operations for its oleochemicals plant located in the Medan Industrial Area II (KIM II). The following year, Musim Mas was the first company in Indonesia to achieve Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. [8]
Between 2011 and 2015, Olam's palm oil trade volume grew by approximately twenty times—from 71,000 tons to 1.53 million tons. [38] Despite Olam's stated commitment to RSPO-certified palm oil, the company shunned transparency as it expanded its palm oil production. [39] [40]
PPB is also the single largest shareholder of Wilmar International, one of the leading palm oil producers and agribusiness companies in the world. The company was founded in 1968 as Perlis Plantations Berhad (from which it derives its current name) by Robert Kuok to cultivate and mill sugar cane in the northern Malaysian state of Perlis .
In some states where oil palm is established, lax enforcement of environmental legislation leads to encroachment of plantations into riparian strips, [58] and release of pollutants such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) into the environment. [58] POME is a waste product created during the final stages of palm oil extraction.