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This image, taken from a data visualization, shows the Arctic’s sea ice minimum extent on September 11, 2024. The Arctic will be ‘ice-free’ when it has less than 1 million square kilometers ...
The ice extent trends from 1979 to 2002 have been a statistically significant Arctic sea ice decrease of −2.5% ± 0.9% per decade during those 23 years. [7] Climate models simulated this trend in 2002. [8] The September minimum ice extent trend for 1979–2011 declined by 12.0% per decade during 32 years. [9]
The Arctic Ocean is the mass of water positioned approximately above latitude 65° N. Arctic Sea Ice refers to the area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice. The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September.
[54]: 1249 In September 2020, the US National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that the Arctic sea ice in 2020 had melted to an extent of 3.74 million km 2, its second-smallest extent since records began in 1979. [55] Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017, with Arctic sea ice accounting for 7.6 trillion tonnes of this loss.
The first sea ice-free September could occur as early as the 2030s, the study found. Arctic sea ice has been declining for decades but has shrunk at an even faster rate in the past 20 years.
The first ice-free days of the Arctic Ocean could occur as soon as the 2020s or 2030s — as many as 10 years earlier than previous projections.
Animation of Minimum Annual Sea Ice Extent over the Arctic from 1979 to 2012. In this animation, the daily Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from May 16, 2013, through September 12, 2013, when the sea ice reached its minimum area of coverage for 2013.
National Snow & Ice Data Center, Jan. 7, 2022, How does Antarctic sea ice differ from Arctic sea ice? National Snow & Ice Data Center, Feb. 27, 2023, Antarctic sea ice settles on record low extent ...