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For example, in 2009, 41% of children available for adoption were African American, 40% were white children, and 15% were Hispanic children. [28] This disparity often results in a lower cost to adopt children from ethnic minorities – usually through special adoption grants rather than fee discrimination.
The most affordable way to adopt a child is through the U.S. foster care system. On average, it costs under $2,800 to adopt a child from foster care.. Independent adoption through an attorney ...
In 2020, there were 407,493 children in foster care in the United States. [14] 45% were in non-relative foster homes, 34% were in relative foster homes, 6% in institutions, 4% in group homes, 4% on trial home visits (where the child returns home while under state supervision), 4% in pre-adoptive homes, 1% had run away, and 2% in supervised independent living. [14]
In 2020, the United States Census Bureau determined that same-sex couples (3.1%) are three times more likely to have adopted children than opposite-sex couples (1.1%). Data from 2019 revealed that 43.3% of same-sex couples’ children were adopted and/or stepchildren.
In a 2002 court case, In re Adoption of Luke, 263 Neb. 365, the Supreme Court of Nebraska ruled that a biological parent's unmarried partner could not adopt their child in a second parent adoption. [16] In 2021, an unmarried lesbian couple sued Nebraska's health department for not allowing both of them to be on their son's birth certificate.
The following countries permit step-child adoption in which the partner in a relationship can adopt the natural and/or the adopted child of his or her partner: San Marino (2018) [132] Czechia (effective from 1/1/2025) Step-child adoption is legal in the following subnational jurisdictions or dependent territories: Hong Kong (2021) [133] [134] [135]
Adopted individuals who discover their adoption status at a later age are referred to as Late Discovery Adoptees (LDAs). Failure of the adoptive parent(s) to disclose adoption status to a child is an outdated adoption practice that was once fairly common for adoptees born in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s.
Adoption in Guatemala – From 1996 to 2007, Guatemala was one of the major providers for children for international adoption, peaking at 5,577 children adopted in 2007. Since reforms in 2007–8, aimed at combating extensive corruption in the adoption process, the numbers have fallen drastically.