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Punjabi dictionaries are compilations of words and phrases used in the Punjabi-language and its dialects. Punjabi dictionaries were first published in the 19th century by printing presses operated by Christian missionaries. [ 1] Punjabi dictionaries exist in romanized Punjabi, Gurmukhi, and Shahmukhi, or combinations of the three.
Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and has the status of an additional official language in Haryana and Delhi. Some of its major urban centres in northern India are Amritsar, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Ambala, Patiala, Bathinda, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur and Delhi. Punjabi in India.
The Punjabi dialects and languages or Greater Punjabi are a series of dialects and languages spoken around the Punjab region of Pakistan and India with varying degrees of official recognition. [7] They have sometimes been referred to as the Greater Punjabi macrolanguage. [8] Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more ...
Shahmukhi (Punjabi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː (ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. 'from the Shah's or king's mouth'; Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad -based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. [1][2][3][4] It is generally ...
Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers (the name Punjab, is derived from two Persian words, Panj meaning "Five" and Âb meaning "Water") which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE. [1] Agriculture has been the major economic feature of ...
The prevalent view among Punjabi linguists is that as in the early stages the Gurmukhī letters were primarily used by the Guru's followers, gurmukhs (literally, those who face, or follow, the Guru, as opposed to a manmukh); the script thus came to be known as gurmukhī, "the script of those guided by the Guru."
Punjabipedia. Punjabipedia is a Punjabi language encyclopedia created by Punjabi University, Patiala on suggestion of the Government of Punjab, India. It is developed in a similar fashion to Wikipedia and is meant to promote the Punjabi language and its literature, Punjabi culture and to attract people active in the field of the Punjabi language.
Hardev Bahri. Hardev Bahri, also Bahari; 1907—2000) was an Indian linguist, literary critic, and lexicographer of the 20th century, notable for his work in Hindi, Punjabi, and other related Indo-Aryan languages. He compiled numerous monolingual and bilingual dictionaries for both general and technical purposes in collaboration with the ...