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Serum albumin, as a negative acute-phase protein, is down-regulated in inflammatory states. As such, it is not a valid marker of nutritional status; rather, it is a marker of an inflammatory state; Prevents photodegradation of folic acid; Prevent pathogenic effects of Clostridioides difficile toxins [8]
Albumin is an acute negative phase respondent and not a reliable indicator of nutrition status. [10] Low albumin levels can also indicate chronic malnutrition from protein losing enteropathy. [3] This is often caused or exacerbated by ulcerative colitis, [11] but can also be seen in cardiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. [3]
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin , are chemically similar.
Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, [1] is a major contributor to maintaining the oncotic pressure of plasma and assists, as a carrier, in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones. Globulins make up 38% of blood proteins and transport ions, hormones, and lipids assisting in immune function.
An example of nutritional hypoproteinemia is Kwashiorkor, a type of protein energy malnutrition affecting young children. Malabsorption , often caused by celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease Liver disease can also cause hypoproteinemia by decreasing synthesis of plasma proteins like albumin.
The 3D structure of human serum albumin has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.5 ångströms (250 pm). [1] Albumin is a 65–70 kDa protein. Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein. [2] Each domain is a product of two subdomains that possess common structural motifs. [2]
The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin and immunoglobulins. [1] Glycomacropeptide also makes up the third largest component but is not a protein. Whey protein is commonly marketed as a protein supplement.
Hematogen (Russian: Гематоген) is a nutrition bar which is notable in that one of its main ingredients is serum albumin, from cow's blood. It was popular in the former Soviet Union. [1] Chocolate is frequently mixed within it. [2] Other ingredients may vary, but they usually contain sugar, condensed milk and vanillin.