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Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
Meteoprog.com is a weather service originally from Ukraine, since 2003. [1] [2] The service uses various weather real-time data and software tools to address weather-related challenges. The services rendered by Meteoprog enable the monitoring of weather patterns globally.
1.0 dyn (0.016 gr f) millidyne: mdyn mdyn 1.0 mdyn (1.6 × 10 −5 gr f) Metric gravitational units: tonne-force: t-f t f: 1.0 t f (9.8 kN; 0.98 LT f; 1.1 ST f) tf tf megapond: Mp Mp kilogram-force: kg-f kg f: 1.0 kg f (9.8 N; 2.2 lb f) kgf kgf kilopond: kp kp gram-force: g-f g f: 1.0 g f (9.8 mN; 0.035 oz f) gf gf pond: p p milligram-force: mg ...
For example, Concorde cruised at 1354 mph, or 7.15 million feet per hour, with its engines giving an SFC of 1.195 lb/(lbf·h) (see below); this means the engines transferred 5.98 million foot pounds per pound of fuel (17.9 MJ/kg), equivalent to an SFC of 0.50 lb/(lbf·h) for a subsonic aircraft flying at 570 mph, which would be better than even ...
g is gravitational acceleration due to Earth; β is the coefficient of volume expansion (equal to approximately 1/T for ideal gases) T s is the surface temperature; T ∞ is the bulk temperature; L is the vertical length; D is the diameter; ν is the kinematic viscosity. The L and D subscripts indicate the length scale basis for the Grashof number.
To allow modeling conditions below mean sea level, the troposphere is actually extended to −2,000 feet (−610 m), where the temperature is 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), pressure is 15.79 pounds per square inch (108,900 Pa), and density is 0.08106 pounds per cubic foot (1.2985 kg/m 3).
In unit systems where force is a derived unit, like in SI units, g c is equal to 1. In unit systems where force is a primary unit, like in imperial and US customary measurement systems , g c may or may not equal 1 depending on the units used, and value other than 1 may be required to obtain correct results. [ 2 ]
For example, a 500-sheet ream of 20# 8 + 1 ⁄ 2-by-11-inch (216 by 279 mm) copy paper may be specified "10 M". 1000 cut sheets (or two reams) will weigh 10 lb (4.5 kg), half of the four reams of cut paper resulting from the 20# basis ream of 17-by-22-inch (432 by 559 mm) paper.