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According to the Article 4 of the Constitution, Arabic and Kurdish are the official languages of Iraq, while three other languages: Turkish, Neo-Aramaic and Armenian, are recognized as minority languages. In addition, any region or province may declare other languages official if a majority of the population approves in a general referendum. [11]
Iraq and Kuwait: /aku/ Egypt, the Levant, and most of the Arabian Peninsula: /fiː/ Tunisia: /famːa/ Morocco and Algeria: /kajn/ Yemen: /beh/ Modern Standard Arabic: /hunaːk/ In this case, /fiː/ is most likely to be used as it is not associated with a particular region and is the closest to a dialectical middle ground for this group of speakers.
Lebanon's native language, Levantine Arabic, [1] is the main language used in conversations. MSA, despite being Lebanon's second language by number of users, [1] is almost never used in conversations, [5] while English [33] and French [34] are, even between some native speakers of Levantine. Western Armenian and Kurdish are used by their ...
Gelet Arabic is a Bedouin variety spoken by Muslims (both sedentary and non-sedentary) in central and southern Iraq and by nomads in the rest of Iraq. Qeltu Arabic is an urban dialect spoken by Non-Muslims of central and southern Iraq (including Baghdad) and by the sedentary population (both Muslims and Non-Muslims) of the rest of the country. [5]
Levantine is spoken in the fertile strip on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean: from the Turkish coastal provinces of Adana, Hatay, and Mersin in the north [48] to the Negev, passing through Lebanon, the coastal regions of Syria (Latakia and Tartus governorates) as well as around Aleppo and Damascus, [4] the Hauran in Syria and Jordan, [49] [50] the rest of western Jordan, [51] Palestine ...
(On this page a regional language has parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status.) National language A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On ...
The Lebanese writer Said Akl promoted the revival of the Aramaic language in Lebanon arguing for a Phoenician-Aramaic origin of the Lebanese vernacular. In 1999, Akl published the Maronite Missal and Eucharistic Liturgy in the Lebanese dialect in protest to the Maronite Church switching to Modern Standard Arabic from the Lebanese vernacular for its homilies.
The most spoken language is Mesopotamian Arabic, followed by Kurdish, Iraqi Turkmen dialects and Syriac. The percentages of different ethno-religious groups residing in Iraq vary from source to source due to the last Iraqi census having taken place over 30 years ago. A new census of Iraq was planned to take place in 2020. [50] [26] [27] [28] [51]