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The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
PICOT formatted questions address the patient population (P), issue of interest or intervention (I), comparison group (C), outcome (O), and time frame (T). Asking questions in this format assists in generating a search that produces the most relevant, quality information related to a topic, while also decreasing the amount of time needed to produce these search results.
When the research is complete and the researcher knows the (probable) answer to the research question, writing up can begin (as distinct from writing notes, which is a process that goes on through a research project). In term papers, the answer to the question is normally given in summary in the introduction in the form of a thesis statement.
Evaluating medical student searches of MEDLINE for evidence-based information: process and application of results. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association , 87(4), pp. 471–476. Dalrymple, Prudence W. (2010) Evidence-Based Practice, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences , Third Edition, Vol. III, 1790-1796.
The discipline of HTA was first developed in the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, which published its first report in 1976. [9] The growth of HTA internationally can be seen in the expanding membership of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA), a non-profit umbrella organization established in 1993. [10]
Campbell reviews are used by organisations and policymakers to inform decision-making based on research evidence. Charity evaluator and effective altruism advocate GiveWell had listed the Campbell Collaboration as one of its sources of information when trying to assess the state of evidence for various social policies and interventions in the United States and notes their value in determining ...
OpenAlex is a free online index of over 200 million scientific documents that integrates and provides metadata such as sources, citations, author information, scientific fields and research topics. Its API and open source website can be used for metascience, scientometrics and novel tools that query this semantic web of papers .
His groundbreaking paper on validation of medical screening procedures, published jointly with fellow epidemiologist Walter W. Holland in 1971, became a classic in the field. [ 10 ] His 1971 Rock Carling Fellowship monograph Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services , first published in 1972 by the Nuffield Provincial ...