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FAT: MS-DOS 6.x and Windows 9x-systems come with a defragmentation utility called Defrag. The DOS version is a limited version of Norton SpeedDisk. [7] The version that came with Windows 9x was licensed from Symantec Corporation, and the version that came with Windows 2000 and XP is licensed from Condusiv Technologies.
Windows 7 reintroduces the analyze function and showing percent complete of the defragmentation, both of which were removed in Windows Vista. It can also defragment multiple volumes simultaneously. According to Scott Hanselman of Microsoft, Windows 7 [verification needed] and later do defragment a solid-state disk (SSD) but in a completely ...
Windows XP SP3 or higher (x86, x64), Windows 10, Windows Server 2003 SP1, Windows Server 2019 [9] Yes Enterprise Console edition only Yes Yes Yes PerfectDisk 14 Build 900 (2021) [10] UltimateDefrag: DiskTrix Trialware [11] FAT32, NTFS Windows XP and later Yes Yes Yes Yes 6.1.2.0 (28 July 2021) UltraDefrag
Defragmentation should be disabled on solid-state drives because the location of the file components on an SSD does not significantly impact its performance, but moving the files to make them contiguous using the Windows Defrag routine will cause unnecessary write wear on the limited number of write cycles on the SSD.
Flash memory-based SSDs do not need defragmentation. However, because file systems write pages of data that are smaller (2K, 4K, 8K, or 16K) than the blocks of data managed by the SSD (from 256 KB to 4 MB, hence 128 to 256 pages per block), [ 50 ] over time, an SSD's write performance can degrade as the drive becomes full of pages which are ...
An SSD write operation can be done to a single page but, due to hardware limitations, erase commands always affect entire blocks; [11] consequently, writing data to empty pages on an SSD is very fast, but slows down considerably once previously written pages need to be overwritten.
[b] The file system could defragment the disk immediately after a deletion, but doing so would incur a severe performance penalty at unpredictable times. Now, a new file called F, which requires seven blocks of space, can be placed into the first seven blocks of the newly freed space formerly holding the file B, and the three blocks following ...
Unlike the Windows built-in defragmenter tool, Contig can defragment individual files, individual directories, and subsets of the file system using wildcards. Contig does not move any data except that belonging to the file in the question, so the amount it can defragment a file is limited to the largest contiguous block of free space on a system.