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Note that data dredging is a valid way of finding a possible hypothesis but that hypothesis must then be tested with data not used in the original dredging. The misuse comes in when that hypothesis is stated as fact without further validation. "You cannot legitimately test a hypothesis on the same data that first suggested that hypothesis.
This page was last edited on 20 June 2020, at 15:20 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
In the context of information security, social engineering is the psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information. A type of confidence trick for the purpose of information gathering, fraud, or system access, it differs from a traditional "con" in the sense that it is often one of the many ...
“In addition to the collection of personal data, another key concern with TikTok is the potential manipulation of its algorithm to influence public opinion in the U.S.,” Zhang said.
One way to construct hypotheses while avoiding data dredging is to conduct randomized out-of-sample tests. The researcher collects a data set, then randomly partitions it into two subsets, A and B. Only one subset—say, subset A—is examined for creating hypotheses.
Another way to counter disinformation is to focus on identifying and countering its real objective. [47] For example, if disinformation is trying to discourage voters, find ways to empower voters and elevate authoritative information about when, where and how to vote. [ 51 ]
TBILISI (Reuters) -Two U.S. pollsters commissioned by Georgian opposition forces called into question official results that showed the governing Georgian Dream party won last weekend's ...
Information Manipulation Theory (abbreviated IMT) is a theory of deceptive discourse production, rooted in H. Paul Grice's theory of conversational implicature. [1] [2] IMT argues that, rather than communicators producing truths and lies, the vast majority of everyday deceptive discourse involves complicated combinations of elements that fall somewhere in between these polar opposites; with ...