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[1] [2] [3] In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography.
Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP) are part of a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the Earth's axis of rotation. They are also known as local ellipsoidal system , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] local geodetic coordinate system , [ 3 ] local vertical, local horizontal coordinates ( LVLH ), or ...
In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle .
Equirectangular projection of the world; the standard parallel is the equator (plate carrée projection). Equirectangular projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation and with the standard parallels lying on the equator True-colour satellite image of Earth in equirectangular projection Height map of planet Earth at 2km per pixel, including oceanic bathymetry information, normalized as 8 ...
Projects the globe onto an octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous landmasses that may be displayed in various arrangements. 1975 Cahill–Keyes projection: Polyhedral Compromise Gene Keyes: Projects the globe onto a truncated octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous land masses that may be displayed in various ...
Geometric transformations can be distinguished into two types: active or alibi transformations which change the physical position of a set of points relative to a fixed frame of reference or coordinate system (alibi meaning "being somewhere else at the same time"); and passive or alias transformations which leave points fixed but change the ...
The Tabula Rogeriana, drawn by al-Idrisi in 1154 The Blue Marble photograph in its original orientation [1]. South-up map orientation is the orientation of a map with south up, at the top of the map, amounting to a 180-degree rotation of the map from the standard convention of north-up.
The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.