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The French monarchy, along with the Kingdom of France itself, was abolished on 21 September 1792, when the First French Republic was proclaimed. The Revolution did away with the concept of ownership of political entities by individuals. As such the French Republic was a unitary state rather than a mosaic of vassals or "semi-states".
In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534; 491 years ago () to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate.
Year Date Event 2001 "French government adopts a law that requires every French Web page to be officially archived." [7] 2002: 2 January: Introduction of the first euro coins and bills replacing the legacy currency, the franc. 2004: 15 March: A law bans "conspicuous" religious symbols in schools.
The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cassini IV) in the 1700s.
The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society (2007) covers 1919–1939; Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. French West Africa (Stanford UP, 1958). Wellington, Donald C. French East India companies: A historical account and record of trade (Hamilton Books, 2006) Wesseling, H.L. and Arnold J. Pomerans.
Over 50% of the world's borders today, were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. [9] [10] [11] This is a list of all territories that were part of the French colonial empires in the last 500 years, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate or protectorate.
Map indicating travels of first Scandinavians Norsemen landing in Iceland (9th century). Year 815 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 815th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 815th year of the 1st millennium, the 15th year of the 9th century, and the 6th year of the 810s decade.
Hand-drawn map of one side of the Valley of Vesdre by French geographers (led by the Cassini family) from 1745 to 1748. In France, the first general maps of the territory using a measuring apparatus were made by the Cassini family during the 18th century on a scale of 1:86,400 (one centimeter on the chart corresponds to approximately 864 meters on the ground).