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In eukaryote cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) is a protein that transcribes DNA to synthesize 5S ribosomal RNA, tRNA, and other small RNAs. The genes transcribed by RNA Pol III fall in the category of "housekeeping" genes whose expression is required in all cell types and most environmental conditions.
DNA polymerase III synthesizes base pairs at a rate of around 1000 nucleotides per second. [3] DNA Pol III activity begins after strand separation at the origin of replication. Because DNA synthesis cannot start de novo, an RNA primer, complementary to part of the single-stranded DNA, is synthesized by primase (an RNA polymerase): [citation ...
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme involved in DNA replication in E. coli and belongs to family C polymerases. It consists of three assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor, and the clamp-loading complex. The core consists of three subunits: α, the polymerase activity hub, ɛ, exonucleolytic ...
RNA polymerase (purple) unwinding the DNA double helix. It uses one strand (darker orange) as a template to create the single-stranded messenger RNA (green). In molecular biology , RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol ), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase ( DdRP ), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions ...
The beta subunits in turn bind the αε polymerase complex. The α subunit possesses DNA polymerase activity and the ε subunit is a 3’-5’ exonuclease. [9] The beta chain of bacterial DNA polymerase III is composed of three topologically equivalent domains (N-terminal, central, and C-terminal). Two beta chain molecules are tightly ...
Structure of Taq DNA polymerase. In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.
dnaN is the gene that codes for the DNA clamp (also known as β sliding clamp) of DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes. [2] [3] The β clamp physically locks Pol III onto a DNA strand during replication to help increase its processivity. [4] The eukaryotic equivalent to the β clamp is PCNA.
In 1995, A. Gregory Matera et al. first gave the structure its name “perinucleolar compartment” after finding several RNA polymerase III transcripts as well as hnRNPI at the nucleolar rim. [3] Sui Huang et al. has extensively researched the perinucleolar compartment and in 1997 were the first to study the PNC in a large number of human ...