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Prior to contact with Europeans, the California region contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. [19]: 112 Because of the temperate climate and easy access to food sources, approximately one-third of all Native Americans in the United States were living in the area of California. [23]
A map of California tribal groups and languages at the time of European contact. The Indigenous peoples of California are the Indigenous inhabitants who have previously lived or currently live within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans.
Most American Indians are comfortable with Indian, American Indian, and Native American, and the terms are often used interchangeably. [8] They have also been known as Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, Colored, [9] [10] First Americans, Native Indians, Indigenous, Original Americans, Red Indians, Redskins or Red Men.
Historian and author Benjamin Madley observes that between 1845 and 1870, California’s Native American population “plunged from perhaps 150,000 to 30,000. By 1880 census takers recorded just ...
In California, land-back movements have been successful. Eureka returned 202 acres of land on the renamed Tuluwat Island in Humboldt Bay to the Wiyot people, who had campaigned for it since the 1970s.
New names have been selected in consultation with California’s Native American tribes for over 30 locations in 15 counties. The California State Capitol in Sacramento on Aug. 5, 2024. AP
Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government. [4] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities.
The largest and only substantial steatite mine in California existed on Catalina Island, one of the Channel Islands off the coast of what is now Los Angeles County. The existence of steatite in Pomo and Northern California native sites is a strong indicator of the size and complexity of native California trade networks. [11]