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Panchamukha (Sanskrit: पञ्चमुख, romanized: Pañcamukha, lit. 'five faces'), also rendered Panchamukhi, is a concept in Hindu iconography, in which a deity is represented with five heads. [1] Several Hindu deities are depicted with five faces in their iconography, such as Hanuman, Shiva, Brahma, Ganesha, and Gayatri. [2]
The Thiruvaalangadu temple, built by the Cholas during the 12th century CE (though inscriptions evidence the 5th century CE), is regarded as a sacred Shaivaite temple in that it is one of the 5 majestic cosmic dance halls (pancha sabhai) [1] of Lord Shiva, known as "Ratna Sabai".
The word Nataraja is a Sanskrit term, from नट Nata meaning "act, drama, dance" and राज Raja meaning "king, lord"; it can be roughly translated as Lord of the dance or King of the dance. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] According to Ananda Coomaraswamy , the name is related to Shiva's fame as the "Lord of Dancers" or "King of Actors".
Shiva dropped his earring on the ground, picked it by the toe of his left leg and fixed it back on his ear in the dance. Kali accepted her defeat and said she could not do such a marvellous dance. Shiva said that he alone was equal to her and said further that those coming to worship him here, should worship her first to reap the full benefit ...
Some communities organize special dance events, to mark Shiva as the lord of dance, with individual and group performances. [351] According to Jones and Ryan, Maha Sivaratri is an ancient Hindu festival which probably originated around the 5th-century. [349]
Shiva Tandava is described as a vigorous dance that is the source of the cycle of creation, preservation and dissolution. While the Rudra Tandava depicts his violent nature, first as the creator and later as the destroyer of the universe, even of death itself, the Ananda Tandava depicts him as joyful.
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The destruction of the three cities accomplished, Shiva stood upon the ruins and began to perform the great dance of Tandava Nritya (known also as Tripura Nasha Nartana) by which (as Nataraja, Lord of the Dance) he alternately calls the cosmos into being and banishes it into non-existence in an endless cycle like the beating of a heart. [2] [3]