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The former head of Turkmenistan's Communist Party at the time of independence, Saparmurat Niyazov, was elected president of the newly independent nation in an uncontested election. At the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan in the autumn of 1991, the party decided to dissolve itself, a process that continued into 1992.
The name of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan) can be divided into two components: the ethnonym Türkmen and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "place of" or "country".The name "Turkmen" comes from Turk, plus the Sogdian suffix -men, meaning "almost Turk", in reference to their status outside the Turkic dynastic mythological system.
In 1993, Turkmenistan again returned to the Latin alphabet, however, Turkmens outside Turkmenistan continue to use the Arabic alphabet. [28] The first Soviet Turkmen poet, Molla Murt (1879–1930), from the first days of the socialist revolution, glorified socialism in his poems in a simple and understandable language for the people.
98% of Turkmenistan was Muslim, but atheism was the state religion. In the early 1920s, the Soviet government effectively banned Islam in Soviet Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, every mosque was destroyed, books written in Arabic script were burned, in the 1930s Turkmenistan had eventually adapted the Cyrillic alphabet. [citation needed]
100 manat banknote of Turkmenistan depicting Oghuz Khan. Shajara-i Tarākima can be divided into three parts: information of a Quranic nature (the story of Adam); information based on the Oghuz-Turkmen epic, which includes the story of Oghuz Khan and his descendants, and information acquired through oral tradition about the origin, division and location of the Oghuz tribes (in particular, the ...
In Turkmenistan, the national conservative Agzybirlik (Unification) took up the cause of independence and gained a significant base among native Turkmens. Saparmurat Niyazov—then Secretary of the Supreme Soviet—had the party banned for anti-Soviet activities, and suppressed dissent. However, in what the first multi-party election to the ...
Turkmenistan is a sovereign Turkic country located in Central Asia. [1] The name Turkmenistan is derived from Persian , meaning "land of the Turkmen ". The name of its capital, Ashgabat , derived from Persian as well, loosely translating as "the city of love".
Ashgabat (Turkmen: Aşgabat) [a] [b] is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. [8] It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Kopetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border.