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Hydrogeomorphology has been defined as “an interdisciplinary science that focuses on the interaction and linkage of hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials and the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface and subsurface water in temporal and spatial dimensions.” [1] The term 'hydro-geomorphology’ designates the study of landforms caused by the action of water. [2]
Lagoon – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform; Lake – Large inland body of relatively still water; Lava lake – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater; Maar – Low-relief volcanic crater; Nivation hollow – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches
The process of creating an "impoundment" of water is itself called "impoundment". Ice cap: A body of frozen water less than 50,000 km 2 not constrained by topographical features (i.e., they will lie over the top of mountains) Ice field: A body of frozen water constrained by topographical features: Ice sheet: A body of frozen water more than ...
Topography can modify the local climate, for example through orographic precipitation, which in turn modifies the topography by changing the hydrologic regime in which it evolves. Many geomorphologists are particularly interested in the potential for feedbacks between climate and tectonics, mediated by geomorphic processes. [4]
The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed. If the cohesive strength of the substrate is lower than the shear exerted, or the bed is composed of loose sediment which can be mobilized by such stresses, then the bed will be lowered purely by clearwater flow.
Groundwater sapping is a geomorphic erosion process that results in the headward migration of channels in response to near constant fluid discharge at a fixed point. The consistent flow of water displaces fine sediments which physically and chemically weathers rocks. [1]
The hyporheic zone is the region of sediment and porous space beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water.The flow dynamics and behavior in this zone (termed hyporheic flow or underflow) is recognized to be important for surface water/groundwater interactions, as well as fish spawning, among other processes. [1]
A classic example is the Canadian Shield. During the last ice age, the topsoil was scraped off, leaving mostly bare rock. The melting of the glaciers left land with many irregularities of elevation and a great deal of water to collect in the low points, resulting in the region's many lakes.