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The Tel Dan Stele is a fragmentary stele containing an Aramaic inscription which dates to the 9th century BCE. It is the earliest known extra-biblical archaeological reference to the house of David. [1] [2] The stele was discovered in 1993 in Tel-Dan by Gila Cook, a member of an archaeological team led by Avraham Biran.
David, or more accurately his royal house, is mentioned in the Tel Dan Stele, see above entry for Ahaziah. Darius II of Persia, is mentioned by the contemporary historian Xenophon of Athens, [190] in the Elephantine Papyri, [43] and other sources. 'Darius the Persian', mentioned in Nehemiah 12:22, is probably Darius II, although some scholars ...
Around this time, the Tel Dan stele was created by the Aramaeans, during one of the periods of their control of Dan. When the Assyrian empire expanded to the south, the kingdom of Israel initially became a vassal state, but after rebelling, the Assyrians invaded and the town fell to Tiglath-Pileser III in 733/732 BCE.
The text is largely an account of Merneptah's victory over the ancient Libyans and their allies, but the last three of the 28 lines deal with a separate campaign in Canaan, then part of Egypt's imperial possessions. It is sometimes referred to as the "Israel Stele" because a majority of scholars translate a set of hieroglyphs in line 27 as ...
Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen has raised numerous objections to minimalist claims, rejecting Thompson’s assertion that the Hebrew Tabernacle is a literary fiction,[3] that the Merneptah Stele is not reliable evidence for a people named ‘Israel’ in early 13th century Canaan,[4] that the Tel Dan Stele does not refer to a Hebrew ‘House of ...
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approach: read on as we weigh up the evidence and come to a scientific conclusion about reality. With science you can build a complex explanation for an observation as high as a house of cards or you could invoke Occam’s razor and shave it down to the essential facts. However, the simplest explanation, rather
"the text appears to contain the letters 'ביתד וד' (BETD WD; the "WD" is at a slight angle, with a sizable gap from the "BETD"), which most archaeologists agree refers to House of David" In fact, there is no such gap in the text whatsoever, as can be clearly seen in the actual image of the Tel Dan Stele.